Skip to main content

Orbital

Orbital: The space around the nucleus in which probability of finding the electron is maximum is called orbital.


Shape is orbital

For S subshell

 l=0, m=0 

There is only one possible orbital this means that probability of finding the electron is same in all direction so all s orbital are sperical in shape but size of s orbital increase as principal quantum number increase. 



 The gap in 2s or 3s is called nodal space

 This may be notice that inside the 2s and 3s orbital there is a finding the electron is zero that space is called nodal space. 


 Number of space in an s -orbital =(n-1) 
where n is principal quantum number. 




Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Electronegativity scales and disadvantage of scales and its nunericals

Electronegativity scales: 1.Pauling scale of electronegativity: in diatomic molecule (A-B) ,the bond formed between two atoms A and  B will be intermediate between  pure Covalent (A-B)  and pure ionic character,  the bond between A and B will be  strong than bond energy increased. if bond (A-B) has been purily covalent than bond energy can be calculated as average bond energy of bond (A-A)  and bond (B-B).     that means it is equal to bond energy of bond (A-B) E(A-B)  = 1/2[ E(A-A) +E(B-B) ] however experiemental value of bond (A-B)  more than this value  because of difference in electronegativity  of A and B the difference ∆ is given by simple expression ∆ = E(A-B) - 1/2 [E(A-A) +E(B-B) ] where E(A-B)  is experimental value of bond energy. if Ҳ(A)  and  Ҳ(B) are the electronegative of elements A and B than Ҳ(A) - Ҳ(B) = 0.18√∆ for numerical ∆ = E(A-B)  -[√(E(A-A) ×E(B-B) )] Disadvan...
Post a Comment
Read more

Radial probability distribution curves

Radial probhjjhajajbability distribution curves:  The probability of finding the electron is given by the quantity  sie^2.By radial probability us probability of finding the electron within small Radial space around the nucleus. volume of spherical shell between radius r and r+dr =4πr^2 and probability of finding the electron will be 4πr^2dr sie^2. radial probability distribution curves are obtained by plotting radial probability at various distance from the nucleus . 1.Radial probability distribution curves for S orbital n=1, l= 0. distance from nucleus here A° is called angstrom. the probability of finding of electron in a shell is maximum at distance r=r° (r not)  which is 0.529 A° for H atom. diagram shows that probability plot for 2s has(two region of high probability)  or (two peaks)  separated by node. we conclude that  no.  of high probability region in S orbital = n no.  of node = ( n-1) 
Post a Comment
Read more

Radial probability distribution for p and d orbital, radial wave functions

Radial probability distribution for p and d orbital Radial and Angular wave function:  the radial part of wave function depends upon quantum no.  n and  l  and gives the distribution of electron w. r. t distance .it is governed mainly exponential term     e^-Zr/na°(a not)   here  e   based on natural log.  Z   Atomic number r     distance from nucleus  n    principal quantum no. or radial quantum           no.  a°    0.529A° for hydrogen  ( Bohr radii)  the exact mathematical expression for radial part of wave function for 1s or 2s and 2p orbitals. n= 1 ,l=0 s orbital    R(r) =2× (z/a°) ^3/2 ×(2-zr/a°) ×e^-zr/2a° n= 2 ,l=0 2s orbital    R(r) = (z/a°) ^3/2 ×(2-zr/a°) ×e^-zr/2a° n= 2 ,l=1 2p orbital    R(r) = 1√3×(z/2a°) ^3/2 ×(zr/a°) ×e^-zr/2a ° the rad...
Post a Comment
Read more