Hybridisation, types of hybridisation and it's conditions

Hybridisation: the phenomenon of intermining of various orbital which differ slightly in energy to give rise to new orbital of indentical energy is called hybridisation.

hybrid orbital form stronger covalent bond because they are more directional.

types of hybridisation: depending upon the no. and type of hyberdisation, hybridisation can be of sp, sp^2, sp^3, sp^3d, sp^3d^2, sp^3d^3.

conditions for hybridisation:
1.orbital valence shell take part in hybridisation
2.orbital taking part in hybridisation should be of almost same energy.
3.orbital forming π bond do not take part in hybridisation.

shape of compounds

1.Shape of BeF2 (beryllium dichloride)

ground state
Be
(4) 1s^2 2s^2 2px 2py 2pz
excited state
Be 1s^2 2s^1 2px^1 2py 2pz
{ sp }

since sp hybridisation takes place beF2 molecule is linear with bond angle 180°

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