Skip to main content

Shape of compounds due hybridisation

Shape of compounds due hybridisation

1.Shape of IF7 ( iodine hepta fluoride)
Ground state
I
(53)    5s^2 5px^2 5py^2 5pz^1 5d^0
excited state
           5s^1 5px^1 5py^1 5pz^1 5d^3
             {     sp3d3 hybridisation          }

since sp3d3 hybridisation takes place .so IF7 molecule is pentagonal bipyramidal.

bond angles 72° &  90°.

2.shape of NH3(Ammonia)
Ground state
N
(7)   1s^2 2s^2 2px^1 2py^1 2pz^1
         {sp3 hybridisation}
since sp3 hybridisation takes place. so NH3 molecule should be tetrahedral. but actual NH3 molecule pyramidal. because one position of tetrahedral occupied by lone pair of electron.

Due to lone pair -bond pair repulsion bond angle decrease from 109°28'

3.shape of H2O(Water)
Ground state
(H)  1s^2 2s^2 2px^2 2py^1 2pz^1
               { sp3 hybridisation}
since sp3 hybridisation takes place so H2O molecule should be tetrahedral is V shaped (bent shaped)  because two positions of tetrahedral are occupied by lone pair of electron.
4.Shape of SF4(sulphur tetrahedral fluoride)
Ground state
S
(16)   3s^2  3px^2 3py^1 3pz^1 3d^0
excited state
        3s^2  3px^1 3py^1 3pz^1 3d^1
                      {sp3d hybridisation}
since sp3d hybridisation takes place. so SF4 molecule should be triangular Bipyramidal. but actually SF4 molecule has Distorted triaginal bipyramidal structure.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Radial probability distribution for p and d orbital, radial wave functions

Radial probability distribution for p and d orbital Radial and Angular wave function:  the radial part of wave function depends upon quantum no.  n and  l  and gives the distribution of electron w. r. t distance .it is governed mainly exponential term     e^-Zr/na°(a not)   here  e   based on natural log.  Z   Atomic number r     distance from nucleus  n    principal quantum no. or radial quantum           no.  a°    0.529A° for hydrogen  ( Bohr radii)  the exact mathematical expression for radial part of wave function for 1s or 2s and 2p orbitals. n= 1 ,l=0 s orbital    R(r) =2× (z/a°) ^3/2 ×(2-zr/a°) ×e^-zr/2a° n= 2 ,l=0 2s orbital    R(r) = (z/a°) ^3/2 ×(2-zr/a°) ×e^-zr/2a° n= 2 ,l=1 2p orbital    R(r) = 1√3×(z/2a°) ^3/2 ×(zr/a°) ×e^-zr/2a ° the rad...

Radial probability distribution curves

Radial probhjjhajajbability distribution curves:  The probability of finding the electron is given by the quantity  sie^2.By radial probability us probability of finding the electron within small Radial space around the nucleus. volume of spherical shell between radius r and r+dr =4πr^2 and probability of finding the electron will be 4πr^2dr sie^2. radial probability distribution curves are obtained by plotting radial probability at various distance from the nucleus . 1.Radial probability distribution curves for S orbital n=1, l= 0. distance from nucleus here A° is called angstrom. the probability of finding of electron in a shell is maximum at distance r=r° (r not)  which is 0.529 A° for H atom. diagram shows that probability plot for 2s has(two region of high probability)  or (two peaks)  separated by node. we conclude that  no.  of high probability region in S orbital = n no.  of node = ( n-1) 

Linear combination of atomic orbital, Molecular orbital theory, Difference between bonding & anti bonding moleculer orbital.

Linea combination of atomic orbital  molecular orbital are formed by combination of atomic orbital  if ꌏ(A)  andꌏ(B)  are the wave function of atomic orbital of two combining atomic A and B  then according  to Linea combination of atomic orbital, these two wave function can be added or can be substracted .that means there are two modes of interaction (symmetric and antisymmetric)  We know ꌏ(s)  = ꌏ(A) +ꌏ(B)  ꌏ(a) = ꌏ(A)- ꌏ(B) ꌏ(s)  and ꌏ(a)  represent wave function of bonding and antibonding moleculer orbital. the formation of moleculer orbital ꌏ(s)  and ꌏ(a)  from two atomic orbital ꌏ(A) and ꌏ(B)  is represented as Molecular orbital theory (MO)  theory: main points of mo theory are: 1.whwn atomic orbital combine they formed molecular orbital. 2.Number of molecular orbital formed is equal to number of atomic orbital combine. 3.atomic orbital are uninuclear  while molecular orbital  a...