shape of p, d orbital

Shape of p orbital:

for p sub shell

l=1

m=-1, 0,+1

i. e P subshell has three possible orbital desigrated as named as

These three orbital are of equal energy but differ in orbital or orientation. P orbital is domb-bell shaped and probability of finding the electron in both the lobes are same.
Shape of d orbital:

for d sub shell

l=2

m =-2, -1, 0,+1, +2

since there are five values of m. so there are five possible orientation named as dxy, dyz, dzx, dx^2y^2.

The three orbital dxy ,dyz, dzx, are similar in shape each consisting of four lobes of high electron density lying b/w the axis.

dx^2y^2 orbital also have four lobes High electron density lying along the y axis & x-axis

dz^2 orbital is symmetrical about z-axis and is dombbell shaped. in this orbital the part of orbital lying in the direction of magnetic field is enclosed and part of orbital lying perpendicular to it is contracted

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Radial probability distribution for p and d orbital, radial wave functions

Radial probability distribution for p and d orbital Radial and Angular wave function: the radial part of wave function depends upon quantum no. n and l and gives the distribution of electron w. r. t distance .it is governed mainly exponential term e^-Zr/na°(a not) here e based on natural log. Z Atomic number r distance from nucleus n principal quantum no. or radial quantum no. a° 0.529A° for hydrogen ( Bohr radii) the exact mathematical expression for radial part of wave function for 1s or 2s and 2p orbitals. n= 1 ,l=0 s orbital R(r) =2× (z/a°) ^3/2 ×(2-zr/a°) ×e^-zr/2a° n= 2 ,l=0 2s orbital R(r) = (z/a°) ^3/2 ×(2-zr/a°) ×e^-zr/2a° n= 2 ,l=1 2p orbital R(r) = 1√3×(z/2a°) ^3/2 ×(zr/a°) ×e^-zr/2a ° the radial wave function can be represented by plotting radial function R(r) apart distance(r)

Physical significance of sie and sie^2

Physical significance of sie and sie^2 The wave function sie has no physical significance, it simply represents amplitude of wave while square of amplitude sie^2 represent intensity of electron. i. e sie ^2 gives probability of finding the electron in space .p the space is called atomic orbital A zero value of sie^2 means probability of finding the electron is zero and high value of sie^2 means greater chances of finding the electron . the value of sie^2 lies between 0&1. if sie^2 =1 100℅ sie^2=0 0℅

Linear combination of atomic orbital, Molecular orbital theory, Difference between bonding & anti bonding moleculer orbital.

Linea combination of atomic orbital molecular orbital are formed by combination of atomic orbital if ꌏ(A) andꌏ(B) are the wave function of atomic orbital of two combining atomic A and B then according to Linea combination of atomic orbital, these two wave function can be added or can be substracted .that means there are two modes of interaction (symmetric and antisymmetric) We know ꌏ(s) = ꌏ(A) +ꌏ(B) ꌏ(a) = ꌏ(A)- ꌏ(B) ꌏ(s) and ꌏ(a) represent wave function of bonding and antibonding moleculer orbital. the formation of moleculer orbital ꌏ(s) and ꌏ(a) from two atomic orbital ꌏ(A) and ꌏ(B) is represented as Molecular orbital theory (MO) theory: main points of mo theory are: 1.whwn atomic orbital combine they formed molecular orbital. 2.Number of molecular orbital formed is equal to number of atomic orbital combine. 3.atomic orbital are uninuclear while molecular orbital are polynuclear. 4.The various molecular orbital are arranged in order of in increas

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