stability of half filled and completely filled orbital

Stability of half filled and completely filled orbital

stability of half filled and completely filled orbital can be explain on the basis if following two reasons:

1.symmetry of orbital.

2.exchange energy.

symmetry of orbital;

it is well known fact symmetry lead to stability thus if addition or removal of electron result in symmetry distribution of electron than electron configuration is became stable.

for eg. cr, cu shift of electron from 4s orbital to 3d orbital result in symmetry electronic configuration

Exchange energy:

the electron can exchange their position at random in various orbital of some subshell due to changing position of electron energy is released called exchange energy .

exchange energy is maximum in case of half filled and completely filled configuration therefore half filled and completely filled configuration are more stable.

for eg. cu

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Radial probability distribution for p and d orbital, radial wave functions

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